【什么词引导什么从句详细点】在英语语法中,从句是句子中的一个组成部分,它不能独立成句,必须依附于主句。从句的种类繁多,而引导从句的词语(即引导词)则决定了从句的类型和功能。了解“什么词引导什么从句”是学习英语语法的重要基础。
以下是对常见引导词及其引导从句类型的总结,帮助读者系统掌握相关知识。
一、常见的引导词与从句类型
引导词 | 从句类型 | 功能说明 | 举例 |
that | 名词性从句(宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句) | 引导名词性从句,通常不作成分,也不省略 | He said that he was tired. |
whether / if | 名词性从句(宾语从句) | 引导是否类的宾语从句,表示选择或疑问 | I don’t know whether he will come. |
who / whom / whose | 定语从句 | 指人,分别作主语、宾语、定语 | The man who is standing there is my teacher. |
which | 定语从句 | 指物,作主语或宾语 | The book which you gave me is very interesting. |
whose | 定语从句 | 表示所属关系,指人或物 | The girl whose father is a doctor is my friend. |
when / where / why | 状语从句 | 引导时间、地点、原因状语从句 | I remember the day when we met for the first time. |
because / since / as | 状语从句(原因状语从句) | 表示原因,语气由强到弱 | Because it rained, we stayed home. |
although / though / even though | 状语从句(让步状语从句) | 表示让步,相当于“尽管” | Although it was late, he kept working. |
if / unless | 状语从句(条件状语从句) | 表示假设或条件 | If you study hard, you will pass the exam. |
so...that / such...that | 状语从句(结果状语从句) | 表示结果 | It was so cold that we couldn’t go out. |
as soon as / when / before / after | 状语从句(时间状语从句) | 表示时间顺序 | As soon as I arrived, the meeting started. |
than | 比较状语从句 | 引导比较结构 | She is taller than her brother. |
as | 比较状语从句 | 引导同级比较 | He runs as fast as his brother. |
because of / due to / owing to | 名词性短语(非从句) | 表示原因,但不是引导从句 | Because of the rain, the match was canceled. |
二、总结
1. 引导名词性从句的常用词:that、whether、if、who、whom、whose、what、which、how、when、where、why。
2. 引导定语从句的常用词:who、whom、whose、which、that。
3. 引导状语从句的常用词:
- 时间:when、after、before、until、as soon as
- 地点:where
- 原因:because、since、as、for
- 条件:if、unless
- 让步:although、though、even though
- 结果:so...that、such...that
- 比较:than、as
三、注意事项
- that 在宾语从句中常被省略,但在正式写作中应保留。
- whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句,但在某些情况下不可互换(如介词后只能用 whether)。
- who/whom/whose 用于指人,which 用于指物,that 可指人或物。
- as 既可以引导时间状语从句,也可以引导方式状语从句或比较状语从句。
通过掌握这些引导词及其对应的从句类型,可以更准确地理解句子结构,提高英语阅读和写作能力。